Introduction
The seminar aims at introducing various other forms of computation methods. Concepts of quantum computing ,DNA computing have been introduced and discussed . Particular algorithms (like the Shor's algorithm) have been discussed. Solution of Traveling alesman problem using DNA computing has also been discussed . In ¯ne,the seminar aims opening windows to topics that may become tomorrow's mainstay in computer science.
Richard Feynman thought up the idea of a 'quantum computer', a computer that uses the e®ects of quantum mechanics to its advantage .Initially, the idea of a 'quantum computer' was primarily of theoretical interest only, but recent developments have bought the idea to foreground. To start with, was the invention of an algorithm to factor large numbers on a quantum computer, by Peter Shor ,from Bell labs . By using this algorithm, a quantum computer would be able to crack codes much more quickly than any ordinary (or classical) computer could.
In fact a quantum computer capable of performing Shor's algorithm would be able to break current cryptography techniques(like the RSA) in a matter of seconds. With the motivation provided by this algorithm, the quantum computing has gathered momentum and is a hot topic for research around the globe. Leonard M. Adleman solved an unremarkable computational problem with an exceptional technique. He had used 'mapping' to solve TSP. It was a problem that an average desktop machine could solve in fraction of a second. Adleman, however took , seven days to find a solution. Even then his work was exceptional, because he solved the problem with DNA. It was a breakthrough
and a landmark demonstration of computing on the molecular level.
In case of quantum computing and DNA computing ,both have two aspects.Firstly building a computer and secondly deploying the computer for solving problems that are tough to solve in the present domain of Von Neumann architecture. In the seminar we would consider the later.
Shor's Algorithm
Shor's algorithm is based on a result from number theory. Which states : The function
f(a) = x pow a mod n
is a periodic function, where x and n are coprime . In the context of Shor's algorithm n is the number we wish to factor. By saying we mean that their greatest common divisor is one.
If implemented, it will have a profound e®ect on cryptography, as it would compromise the security provided by public key encryption (such as RSA).We all know that the security lies in the 'hard' factoring problem. Shor's algorithm makes it simple using quantum computing techniques.
Introduction
Web application designing has by far evolved in a number of ways since the time of its birth. To make web pages more interactive various techniques have been devised both at the browser level and at the server level. The introduction of XMLHttpRequest class in the Internet Explorer 5 by Microsoft paved the way for interacting with the server using JavaScript, asynchronously. AJAX, a shorthand for Asynchronous Java And XML, is a technique which uses this MLHttpRequest object of the browser features plus the Document Object Model and DHTML and provides for making highly interactive web applications in which the entire web page need not be changed by a user action, only parts of the page are loaded dynamically by exchanging information with the server. This approach has been able to enhance the interactivity and speed of the web applications to a great extent. Interactive applications such as Google Maps, Orkut, Instant Messengers are making extensive use of this technique. This report presents an overview of the basic concepts of AJAX and how it is used in making web applications.
Creating Web applications has been considered as one of the most exciting jobs under current interaction design. But, Web interaction designers can't help feel a little envious of their colleagues who create desktop software. Desktop applications have a richness and responsiveness that has seemed out of reach on the Web. The same simplicity that enabled the Web's rapid proliferation also creates a gap between the experiences that can be provided through web applications and the experiences users can get from a desktop application.
In the earliest days of the Web, designers chafed against the constraints of the medium. The entire interaction model of the Web was rooted in its heritage as a hypertext system: click the link, request the document, wait for the server to respond. Designers could not think of changing the basic foundation of the web that is, the call-response model, to improve on the web applications because of the various caveats, restrictions and compatibility issues associated with it.
But the urge to enhance the responsiveness of the web applications, made the designers take up the task of making the Web work the best it could within the hypertext interaction model, developing new conventions for Web interaction that allowed their applications to reach audiences who never would have attempted to use desktop applications designed for the same tasks. The designers' came up with a technique called AJAX, shorthand for Asynchronous Java And XML, which is a web development technique for creating interactive web applications. The intent of this is to make web pages feel more responsive by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes, so that the entire web page does not have to be reloaded each time the user makes a change. This is meant to increase the web page's interactivity, speed, and usability. AJAX is not a single new technology of its own but is a bunch of several technologies, each ourishing in its own right, coming together in powerful new ways.
What is AJAX?
AJAX is a set of technologies combined in an efficient manner so that the web application runs in a better way utilizing the benefits of all these simultaneously. AJAX incorporates:
1. standards-based presentation using XHTML and CSS;
2. dynamic display and interaction using the Document Object Model;
3. data interchange and manipulation using XML and XSLT;
4. asynchronous data retrieval using XMLHttpRequest;
5. and JavaScript binding everything together.
Introduction
Thermography is a non-contact, non-destructive test method that utilizes a thermal imager to detect, display and record thermal patterns and temperatures across the surface of an object. Infrared thermography may be applied to any situation where knowledge of thermal profiles and temperatures will provide meaningful data about a system, object or process.
Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature; therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature.
Thermography is widely used in industry for predictive maintenance, condition assessment, quality assurance, and forensic investigations of electrical, mechanical and structural systems. Other applications include, but are not limited to: law enforcement, firefighting, search and rescue, and medical and veterinary sciences.
What makes Thermography useful?
1. It is non-contact
-Uses remote sensing
-Keeps the user out of danger
-Does not intrude upon or affect the target at all
2. It is two dimensional
-Comparison between areas of the target is possible
-The image allows for excellent overview of the target
-Thermal patterns can be visualized for analysis
3. It is real time
-Enables very fast scanning of stationary targets
-Enables capture of fast moving targets
-Enables capture of fast changing thermal patterns
Fact…Temperature is the number one form of measurement used in any process control application. As we get better at non-contact measurement and customers gain confidence, the technology will expand. Pressure and flow are also critical measurements as well, but temperature is far and away number one.
